Dynamic-Response-Based Assessment of Degradation in Complex Historic Sites

Complex historic and urban sites exposed to multiple hazards require monitoring approaches capable of detecting subtle structural changes before visible damage occurs. The University of Salerno has introduced a dynamic-response-based framework that integrates continuous structural monitoring with BIM, GIS, and geospatial Digital Twins to support proactive risk management.  Two applications in southern Italy demonstrate the approach: Sentinel buildings in Pozzuoli’s Campi Flegrei caldera and the Casti Amanti roof structure in the Archaeological Park of Pompeii.

Complex sites characterized by interacting natural hazards, structural fragility, and high operational constraints require monitoring strategies that support proactive risk management and preventive maintenance [1], [3]. Traditional inspection-based and static verification approaches are often inadequate for detecting early-stage degradation processes and providing timely decision support under evolving hazard conditions [1], [2].

This paper proposes an operational framework for assessing degradation and damage in complex sites based on continuous analysis of structural dynamic response. The methodology integrates multi-level and multi-scale monitoring strategies, combining sensor-based measurements with Building Information Modeling (BIM), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and geospatial Digital Twins to transform raw dynamic data into actionable indicators for operational risk management [3], [4].

Two complementary cases demonstrate the framework. The first concerns the Municipality of Pozzuoli, located in the Campi Flegrei caldera, where we have deployed accelerometric monitoring networks on representative sentinel buildings to track the evolution of dynamic parameters under recurrent seismic and bradyseismic (gradual, long-term rising or sinking of the Earth's surface) actions.  [5], [6]. The second refers to the Archaeological Park of Pompeii. It focuses on the static and dynamic monitoring of the Casti Amanti roof, a large steel structure with suspended walkways designed to ensure safe access within a highly constrained site.

In both contexts, variations in modal properties, peak accelerations, and derived damage-sensitive indicators—such as stiffness-based indices and demand-to-capacity ratios—are used as proxies for changes in structural performance and degradation [1]. We have integrated monitoring outputs into BIM–GIS environments and geospatial Digital Twins, enabling spatial contextualization, threshold-based alert systems, and evidence-based post-event assessments [3], [4].

The results obtained in Pozzuoli demonstrate the capability of dynamic-response-based monitoring to capture suitable performance variations associated with cumulative stress effects and to support operational decision-making, even in the absence of critical damage scenarios. The complementary application in Pompeii highlights the transferability of the same paradigm to complex sites characterized by strong safety, accessibility, and conservation constraints.

Overall, the proposed framework bridges the gap between structural health monitoring and operational risk management by embedding dynamic response data within digital twins of complex sites [3], [7]. The methodology provides a scalable and transferable tool for managing safety, degradation, and long-term vulnerability in built environments exposed to persistent and emerging hazards.

The issue

Persistent and evolving hazards that challenge traditional approaches to structural safety and asset management are increasingly affecting the complex built environment. In many contexts, degradation processes develop gradually under the combined effects of environmental actions, cyclic loading, material aging, and local geological conditions. At the same time, sudden damage may occur during extreme events such as earthquakes, wind storms, or ground deformations [1], [2]. In such conditions, inspection-based and purely static verification methods often prove insufficient to capture early-stage deterioration phenomena and to provide timely support for operational decision-making.

Recent advances in sensing technologies, data acquisition systems, and digital platforms have enabled a paradigm shift toward continuous, data-driven monitoring strategies. In particular, the analysis of structural dynamic response has emerged as a sensitive and non-invasive tool for detecting changes in stiffness, mass distribution, and boundary conditions, which are commonly associated with damage or progressive degradation [1]. Variations in modal properties, such as natural frequencies and mode shapes, can provide early indicators of structural performance deterioration, often preceding visible cracking or serviceability issues.

The need for such approaches is particularly evident in complex-built environments characterized by high vulnerability and multiple interacting risks. We here consider two emblematic contexts. The first is the Municipality of Pozzuoli, located within the Campi Flegrei caldera, an active volcanic and seismotectonic area affected by recurrent bradyseismic ground deformation and frequent low-magnitude earthquakes [5], [6]. The second context is the Archaeological Park of Pompeii, a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its extraordinary cultural value and structural fragility. The site is exposed to volcano hazard, seismic activity, hydrogeological instability, and climate-induced deterioration [8], [9].

Within this framework, integrating dynamic monitoring systems with digital representations of the built environment—such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and Digital Twins—offers a powerful operational tool [3], [4]. These technologies enable the spatial contextualization of monitoring data, the implementation of threshold-based alert systems, and the development of predictive maintenance strategies. However, a structured and transferable operational methodology is still required to transform raw dynamic measurements into actionable information for risk management in complex sites.

Stakeholder(s)

The implementation and operation of the proposed monitoring framework involve a multi-institutional and multidisciplinary network of stakeholders, each contributing specific competencies and responsibilities.

In the Pozzuoli case, the primary stakeholder is the Municipality of Pozzuoli, which promotes and governs the monitoring initiative as part of a broader strategy for managing seismic and bradyseismic risk in the Campi Flegrei area. The Laboratory EDILTEST S.r.l. acts as the technical operator responsible for the design, installation, and management of the accelerometric monitoring networks, as well as for data acquisition, storage, and preliminary processing. The University of Salerno, through the Department of Civil Engineering, provides scientific supervision and methodological support. 

In the Pompeii case, the main stakeholder is the Archaeological Park of Pompeii, operating under the Italian Ministry of Culture. The Park is responsible for the conservation, accessibility, and safety of the archaeological site and for the management of modern protective structures designed to enhance visitor experience. The University of Salerno, in collaboration with the Park of Pompeii, leads the applied research activities related to the static and dynamic monitoring of the Casti Amanti roof.

ACCA software S.p.A. plays a strategic role as the technology provider for the digital platform supporting data integration and Digital Twin development. In particular, ACCA is responsible for implementing and customizing the usBIM.geotwin environment, which enables the dynamic integration of BIM models, geospatial data, and monitoring information. This application enables the visualization, management, and analysis of infrastructure in real-world geographic contexts.

Dewesoft plays a key role as the manufacturer and supplier of state-of-the-art hardware devices and advanced data acquisition and management software, which are essential for implementing instrumental monitoring strategies. In particular, Dewesoft technology, distinguished by its high accuracy, sensitivity, and versatility, is a core enabling component for the successful execution of monitoring activities, supporting reliable data collection and short- and long-term analysis for decision-making processes.

Additional stakeholders include national and local civil protection authorities, heritage conservation professionals, structural engineers, and digital platform providers involved in developing and operating BIM–GIS environments and geospatial Digital Twins.

Customer issue

The core issue we addressed is the need for a reliable, operationally oriented methodology to assess degradation and damage in complex sites, where traditional inspection-based and static verification approaches are insufficient to capture evolving structural conditions and to support timely decision-making [3], [7].

In Pozzuoli, the recurrent bradyseismic phenomenon and associated seismic activity generate cumulative stress states in existing buildings, leading to progressive deterioration that may not be immediately visible. The Municipality requires a tool capable of tracking the evolution of structural performance in near real time, identifying early signs of damage, and supporting post-event assessments.

In Pompeii, the challenge is twofold. On one hand, the archaeological remains are inherently fragile and exposed to multiple hazards. On the other hand, modern protective and accessibility structures, such as the Casti Amanti roof with suspended walkways, must guarantee user safety while minimizing interference with the ancient fabric. In this context, reliance on design-stage verifications alone is inadequate, as the structure's actual in-service behavior may deviate from theoretical predictions.

Analysis

The degradation and damage processes affecting complex-built environments are inherently multi-factorial and time-dependent. In seismic and volcanic contexts such as the Campi Flegrei area, repeated low-to-moderate-intensity excitations affect the structures. They may not produce immediate failure but can progressively alter stiffness, induce microcracking, and weaken structural connections.

From a structural dynamics perspective, these processes manifest as measurable changes in a system's dynamic characteristics. Reductions in natural frequencies, variations in mode shapes, and increases in damping are commonly associated with stiffness degradation, damage localization, or modifications in boundary conditions [1].

In Pozzuoli, the superposition of bradyseismic ground deformation and transient seismic actions further complicates the analysis of dynamic response. In Pompeii, wind-induced vibrations, thermal effects, and visitor loads contribute to the operational excitation of the Casti Amanti roof, necessitating a distinction between benign performance variations and potentially critical response patterns.

Solution

The proposed solution consists of a unified operational framework for assessing degradation and damage in complex-built environments based on continuous analysis of structural dynamic response. The framework is conceived as a multi-level, multi-scale system that integrates sensor-based monitoring with digital representations of the built environment, enabling the transformation of raw measurements into actionable indicators for risk management, maintenance planning, and safety assurance.

At the core of the framework is the assumption that variations in dynamic properties—such as natural frequencies, modal shapes, damping ratios, and peak accelerations—constitute sensitive indicators of changes in structural stiffness, boundary conditions, and overall performance. These indicators are continuously tracked and interpreted within a digital ecosystem that combines Building Information Modeling (BIM), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and geospatial Digital Twins.

We structure the operational framework into three interrelated levels:

1. Site Screening and Contextual Monitoring

This level provides a broad, low-invasiveness overview of site conditions and potential degradation hotspots. It includes periodic visual inspections, drone-based surveys, and, where available, satellite-based measurements. In Pompeii, this level is aligned with the General Assessment (GA) approach, integrating high-resolution orthophotos and, prospectively, SAR interferometric data to identify areas requiring closer attention [8], [9].

2. Targeted Structural Monitoring

At this level, representative or critical structures are equipped with dynamic and static sensors to capture their in-service response under operational and exceptional conditions. In Pozzuoli, this corresponds to the monitoring of “sentinel buildings” through accelerometric networks designed to record both ambient vibrations and triggered seismic events. In Pompeii, it includes static and dynamic monitoring of the Casti Amanti roof, using accelerometers and sensors for tilt, relative displacements, and temperature.

3. Advanced Analysis and Operational Management

This level integrates monitoring data with BIM–GIS environments to support performance assessment, threshold-based alert systems, and decision-making processes. We extract dynamic parameters from time histories using automated and semi-automated signal-processing procedures and compute damage-sensitive indicators to track the evolution of structural conditions. These outputs are spatially contextualized within a geospatial Digital Twin, enabling cross-scale interpretation and facilitating communication among institutional stakeholders.

A key feature of the solution is the integration of monitoring outputs within the ACCA geotwin platform. This software enables dynamic, bidirectional linking between openBIM models and GIS layers, supporting the creation of geospatial Digital Twins that host sensor metadata, time-series data, analytical results, and documentation. Through this platform, monitoring data are no longer isolated datasets but become part of an operational digital asset that supports collaborative risk management and predictive maintenance strategies.

We designed the framework to be scalable and transferable, allowing the progressive extension of monitoring activities from individual structures to larger urban or heritage contexts. By combining dynamic response analysis with digital twins, the solution bridges the gap between structural health monitoring and operational risk management, providing a practical tool for managing safety and conservation in complex-built environments.

A key feature of the solution is the integration of monitoring outputs into the geotwin platform, enabling dynamic, bidirectional links among BIM models, GIS layers, and sensor data [3], [4].

Implementation

Pozzuoli case – sentinel buildings monitoring

In the Municipality of Pozzuoli, we implemented the operational framework by deploying accelerometric monitoring networks on a representative set of “sentinel buildings” located in areas affected by bradyseismic ground deformation and recurrent seismic activity.

The Municipality of Pozzuoli promoted the monitoring initiative as part of a broader strategy for managing seismic risk in the Campi Flegrei area and is operated by the Laboratory EDILTEST S.r.l., with scientific supervision provided by the University of Salerno. The monitored buildings are selected to be representative of the local building stock and are primarily chosen from structures in serviceable condition and that are strategically relevant to emergency management and post-event assessments.

We equipped each sentinel building with a network of tri-axial accelerometers at key structural locations, typically including the foundation level and upper floors. The sensor layout captures both the local ground motion and the global structural response, enabling the extraction of dynamic parameters such as natural frequencies and mode shapes.

The monitoring system operates in both continuous and event-triggered modes. It periodically records ambient vibration data to characterize baseline dynamic properties, while automatic triggers activate high-resolution data acquisition during seismic events exceeding predefined intensity thresholds. Data are stored locally through DewesoftX data acquisition and signal processing software and transmitted to cloud-based servers, where they are processed and integrated into the ACCA geotwin platform.

Within the geospatial Digital Twin environment, we associated each sentinel building with a BIM model, sensor metadata, time-series recordings, and analytical results. This structure enables spatial visualization of monitoring outputs, comparison of dynamic parameters over time, and implementation of threshold-based indicators to support post-event decision-making and maintenance planning.

Pompeii case – Casti Amanti roof monitoring

In the Archaeological Park of Pompeii, we will apply the framework for the static and dynamic monitoring of the large steel roof constructed above the Insula dei Casti Amanti. The structure, which includes suspended pedestrian walkways, is designed to provide safe access to the archaeological remains while minimizing interference with the ancient fabric.

The monitoring system is currently under development as part of a joint applied research initiative between the University of Salerno and the Archaeological Park of Pompeii. Given the structural complexity of the roof, which incorporates seismic isolation devices and slender steel components, we conceived the monitoring layout to capture both global and local response features.

The sensor network includes tri-axial accelerometers on the main structural elements of the roof and along the suspended walkways, complemented by static sensors for measuring tilt, relative displacements, and temperature. This hybrid configuration enables simultaneous characterization of dynamic behavior under wind, thermal variations, and visitor loads, as well as assessment of slow-response trends associated with environmental effects.

Dedicated software platforms that support both wired and wireless sensors will perform the data acquisition. We will process the time histories to extract modal parameters, vibration amplitudes, and operational response indicators. These outputs will be integrated into a BIM-based digital model of the roof and contextualized within the broader spatial framework of the Archaeological Park.

Although the Pompeii implementation does not rely on a single centralized geospatial platform, as in the Pozzuoli case, the integration principles align with the same Digital Twin paradigm, enabling us in the future to extend the framework toward a fully geospatial representation within environments such as usBIM.geotwin.

Monitoring equipment

The operational framework relies on a modular and scalable hardware and software architecture designed to support both dynamic and static monitoring requirements.

Dynamic Sensors

Dewesoft IOLITE® 3xMEMS tri-axial MEMS accelerometers are used as the primary sensing devices to capture structural vibrations. In the Pozzuoli case, we deployed these accelerometers at multiple structural levels to record both ambient vibrations and seismic events. In the Pompeii case, the same MEMS-based accelerometers will be installed on the roof structure and on the suspended walkways to monitor the dynamic response under wind, thermal, and operational loads.

Static sensors

To complement dynamic measurements, we will use static monitoring devices to capture slow-varying response features. These include integrated nodes that combine distance meters, triaxial clinometers, and thermal probes, which are particularly relevant for monitoring relative displacements, tilting, and temperature effects on the Casti Amanti roof.

Data acquisition and edge computing

Modular data acquisition systems provide synchronized sampling of multi-channel sensor signals with high temporal resolution. We deployed local edge computing units at each monitored site to perform preliminary data processing, trigger detection, and secure data storage, ensuring operational continuity during network disruptions.

Communication infrastructure

Sensor networks connect via wired and wireless links, with data transmitted to cloud-based servers over standard broadband and mobile (4G/5G) connections. We use redundant power supplies and uninterruptible power systems to guarantee operational reliability.

Software and digital platforms

The DewesoftX platform carries out signal acquisition and network management. Dedicated analysis software performs the signal processing and modal identification, enabling the automated extraction of dynamic parameters from time histories. The ACCA geotwin platform integrates monitoring outputs into BIM–GIS environments and geospatial Digital Twins. This platform supports the dynamic integration of BIM models, geospatial data, and sensor information, enabling data sharing, visualization, and collaborative decision-making among institutional stakeholders.

Measurements

The monitoring framework supports the extraction of multiple performance indicators from the time histories we recorded.

Dynamic parameters include natural frequencies, mode shapes, damping ratios, and peak accelerations.

Damage-sensitive indicators include the Stiffness Damage Index (Dk) and the demand-to-capacity ratio based on PGA event / PGA_SLV [1].

We use temporal trends of these indicators to define threshold-based attention and alert states.

Results

The application of the dynamic-response-based monitoring framework to the Municipality of Pozzuoli has produced a first structured set of operational results that demonstrate the feasibility and practical value of the proposed methodology for managing seismic and bradyseismic risk in a complex urban context.

Deployment and data availability

We have successfulluý deployed the monitoring system on a first set of representative sentinel buildings located in areas affected by recurrent bradyseismic ground deformation and low-to-moderate seismic activity. Each monitored building has been equipped with a tri-axial accelerometer network installed at key structural levels, typically including the foundation and upper floors, enabling simultaneous recording of local ground motion and global structural response.

The data acquisition system operates in both continuous and event-triggered modes. Ambient vibration recordings collected under ordinary conditions establish baseline dynamic characteristics for each building. At the same time, we automatically acquire high-resolution time histories during seismic events exceeding predefined intensity thresholds. All recordings are stored locally and transferred to cloud-based servers, where they are processed and integrated into the geospatial Digital Twin environment implemented through the ACCA geotwin platform.

This configuration has ensured the continuity of data acquisition and the systematic accumulation of time-series datasets suitable for tracking the temporal evolution of structural dynamic parameters.

Characterization of baseline dynamic properties

For each sentinel building, the initial monitoring phase has enabled the identification of baseline modal properties, including the main natural frequencies and associated mode shapes. These parameters provide a reference state for subsequent comparative analyses and are a critical input for defining damage-sensitive indicators.

The extracted frequencies have shown stable values under ordinary operating conditions, with limited dispersion attributable to environmental influences and operational variability. This stability confirms the adequacy of the sensor layout and signal processing procedures for capturing the global dynamic behavior of the monitored structures.

Response to seismic events and dynamic parameter evolution

During the monitoring period, we have recorded multiple seismic events associated with the ongoing bradyseismic crisis. For each event, we measured peak ground accelerations (PGA) at the foundation level and peak accelerations at upper floors, allowing the evaluation of amplification effects and the structural demand induced by the recorded motions.

The comparison between pre-event and post-event modal parameters has revealed measurable, though generally limited, variations in natural frequencies. These changes are consistent with the expected sensitivity of dynamic properties to transient damage mechanisms and cumulative stress effects. In particular, slight frequency reductions have been observed following sequences of closely spaced seismic events, suggesting the onset of minor stiffness degradation phenomena.

Although we have observed no abrupt or critical shifts in modal properties to date, the observed trends confirm the monitoring system's ability to capture subtle performance variations that would not be detectable through visual inspections or static assessments alone.

Damage-sensitive indicators and threshold-based assessment

We computed and tracked  two main damage-sensitive indicators over time:

1. Stiffness Damage Index (Dk)

The index, defined as the relative variation between the baseline natural frequency and the post-event frequency, has been used as a proxy for stiffness degradation. For all monitored buildings, Dk values have remained within the range associated with negligible or light damage, according to the preliminary attention thresholds defined within the operational model.

Despite the absence of critical exceedances, the temporal evolution of Dk has highlighted building-specific sensitivity to repeated seismic actions, enabling the identification of structures that warrant closer observation in subsequent monitoring phases.

2. Demand-to-Capacity Ratio (PGA_event / PGA_SLV)

For each significant event, we computed the ratio of the recorded peak ground acceleration to the acceleration corresponding to the Life Safety Limit State, as defined by structural safety assessments. For the monitored buildings, this ratio has consistently remained below unity, indicating that the seismic demand experienced to date has not exceeded the estimated structural capacity.

This result provides objective confirmation of the absence of critical safety conditions during the monitored period and supports the calibration of event-trigger thresholds and post-event inspection protocols.

The combined interpretation of these indicators has enabled a threshold-based classification of structural performance, distinguishing between ordinary operational conditions, attention states, and potential alert scenarios.

Integration into the geospatial digital twin and operational use

Through the usBIM.Geotwin, we have integrated all monitoring outputs, including time-series recordings, extracted dynamic parameters, and computed damage indicators, into the geospatial Digital Twin environment implemented. For each sentinel building, the Digital Twin hosts:

• The BIM model of the structure and the monitoring network;

• Sensor metadata and calibration reports;

• Ambient and event-triggered acceleration recordings;

• Time histories of modal parameters;

• Damage-sensitive indicators and attention thresholds;

• Periodic monitoring reports.

This integration has enabled the spatial visualization of monitoring results at the urban scale and the systematic documentation of structural performance evolution over time. 

From an operational standpoint, the Digital Twin has supported:

• Rapid post-event screening of monitored buildings;

• Objective documentation of performance trends for civil protection authorities.

• Prioritization of detailed inspections and maintenance actions;

• Communication of technical evidence to institutional stakeholders.

Operational implications

The results obtained in Pozzuoli demonstrate that the proposed dynamic-response-based monitoring framework provides actionable information for managing seismic and bradyseismic risk in an urban environment.

Even in the absence of critical damage scenarios during the monitored period, the system has proven capable of:

• Capturing subtle variations in structural performance;

• Supporting evidence-based post-event assessments;

• Defining building-specific attention thresholds;

• Establishing a quantitative baseline for long-term vulnerability tracking.

These outcomes confirm the value of integrating accelerometric monitoring with geospatial Digital Twins as a practical tool for proactive risk management and predictive maintenance in areas subject to persistent geological hazards.

The result of the Pozzuoli activities is an event report, prepared following a seismic event that exceeded the threshold for ground acceleration, in which we describe the rapid assessment of the indices we carried out.

Conclusion

This study has proposed and demonstrated an operational framework for assessing degradation and damage in complex-built environments based on continuous analysis of structural dynamic responses. The methodology integrates multi-level and multi-scale monitoring strategies with digital representations of the built environment, combining sensor networks, Building Information Modeling (BIM), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and geospatial Digital Twins to support proactive risk management, safety assurance, and preventive maintenance [3], [4], [8], [9].

The application of the framework to the Municipality of Pozzuoli has shown that dynamic-response-based monitoring can provide actionable and objective information for managing seismic and bradyseismic risk in an urban context. The deployment of accelerometric networks on representative sentinel buildings has enabled the continuous characterization of baseline dynamic properties, the tracking of their temporal evolution, and the detection of subtle performance variations associated with recurrent seismic activity. The computation of damage-sensitive indicators, such as the Stiffness Damage Index and demand-to-capacity ratios, has allowed the definition of threshold-based attention states and supported evidence-based post-event assessments [1].

Although we observed no critical damage scenarios during the monitored period, the results obtained in Pozzuoli confirm the sensitivity of dynamic parameters to cumulative stress effects and to minor stiffness degradation. More importantly, they demonstrate the practical feasibility of transforming raw accelerometer measurements into operational indicators that can be used directly by public authorities for emergency management, maintenance prioritization, and long-term vulnerability tracking, in line with recent surveillance-based approaches to infrastructure monitoring [3], [7].

Beyond the specific results obtained in Pozzuoli, the proposed framework is inherently scalable and transferable. Its conceptual structure aligns with the requirements of other complex contexts, such as constrained urban and archaeological sites, where structural fragility, multiple interacting hazards, and stringent operational constraints demand non-invasive, data-driven monitoring solutions [2], [8], [9]. In this perspective, the static and dynamic monitoring of the Casti Amanti roof in the Archaeological Park of Pompeii represents a complementary application of the same paradigm, aimed at ensuring user safety, verifying real in-service structural performance, and supporting threshold-based operational management.

The combined evidence from these contexts highlights the strategic role of dynamic-response-based monitoring as a bridge between traditional structural health monitoring and operational risk management. By embedding sensor data within BIM–GIS environments and Digital Twins, the framework moves beyond isolated technical measurements. It becomes a decision-support tool that informs maintenance strategies, emergency protocols, and long-term conservation policies [3], [4], [7].

Our future development of the proposed approach will focus on refining damage indicators, systematically calibrating attention thresholds using larger monitoring datasets, and integrating additional data sources, such as satellite interferometry and artificial intelligence tools for anomaly detection [12]. The progressive extension of monitoring activities from individual structures to larger urban and site-scale systems will further enhance the capacity of public administrations and site managers to address evolving hazards through proactive, evidence-based strategies.

In conclusion, the results demonstrate that integrating structural dynamic response analysis with geospatial Digital Twins provides a robust, operationally viable methodology for managing safety, degradation, and risk in complex-built environments. The framework offers a transferable model that can be adapted to diverse contexts, supporting a shift from reactive to proactive management of the built environment exposed to persistent and emerging hazards.

Aknowledgement

The study was carried out thanks to the research activities made possible within the Archaeological Park of Pompeii, with the contribution of the Director, Gabriel Zuchtriegel, as well as through the initiatives implemented by the Municipality of Pozzuoli, thanks to the Mayor, Luigi Manzoni, Arch. Agostino Di Lorenzo, and Arch. Nicola Manzo, and the on-site activities implemented by the Laboratorio Edil Test S.r.l. under the supervision of Eng. Renato Erra and Eng. Angelo Mammone.

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